Based on some evidence, a lower rate of CBS adoption can be observed in pharmacy education compared to other healthcare disciplines. Previous pharmacy education literature has neglected to address the potential obstacles hindering adoption of these practices. This systematic review's purpose was to explore and dissect potential obstacles affecting the integration of CBS into pharmacy practice education, offering practical suggestions for their mitigation. Employing the AACODS checklist, we examined five principal databases for grey literature. selleck chemical Our analysis encompassed 42 research articles and 4 grey literature reports, published within the timeframe of January 1, 2000 to August 31, 2022, all of which met the designated inclusion criteria. The research then followed the thematic analysis procedure detailed by Braun and Clarke. The included articles were predominantly from Europe, North America, and Australasia. While no article within the collection specifically addressed barriers to implementation, thematic analysis revealed and explored several potential hurdles, such as resistance to change, cost considerations, time constraints, software user-friendliness, meeting accreditation standards, motivating and engaging students, faculty preparedness, and curriculum limitations. The initial phase in planning future CBS implementation research within pharmacy education involves mitigating academic, process, and cultural barriers. The analysis underscores the necessity of careful planning, collaborative efforts from all stakeholders, and substantial investment in training and resources to overcome any potential obstacles to CBS implementation. To establish a sound, evidence-based methodology for avoiding user disengagement or feelings of being overwhelmed in the learning and teaching process, additional research, as indicated by the review, is mandatory. It also steers subsequent research efforts towards identifying potential impediments in different institutional cultures and regional contexts.
A study designed to measure the impact of a sequentially delivered drug knowledge program on the learning outcomes of third-year professional students within a culminating capstone course.
In the spring of 2022, a three-phased pilot project regarding drug knowledge was carried out. The students completed thirteen assessments, consisting of nine low-stakes quizzes, three formative tests, and a final, comprehensive summative exam. Gel Doc Systems Effectiveness was assessed by comparing the outcomes of the pilot (test group) with those of the previous year's cohort (historical control), who had only taken the summative comprehensive exam. Over 300 hours were invested by the faculty in creating content for the test group.
The pilot group excelled on the final competency exam, achieving an average score of 809%, one percentage point ahead of the control group, who benefited from a less intensive intervention. Following the exclusion of students who failed the final competency exam (scoring below 73%), a sub-analysis showed no meaningful difference in exam performance. A statistically significant (r = 0.62) moderate correlation was observed between the practice drug exam scores and the final knowledge exam performance in the control group. The study revealed a low correlation (r = 0.24) between the number of low-stakes assessments attempted by the test group and their subsequent final exam scores, when compared against the control group's performance.
The results of this study necessitate a more in-depth investigation into the best methods for assessing drug characteristics using knowledge-based approaches.
Further investigation into best practices for assessing drug characteristics using knowledge-based approaches is suggested by the results of this study.
The unrelenting demands and unsafe environments present in community retail pharmacies are taking a toll on the well-being of pharmacists. Occupational fatigue, an aspect of workload stress often overlooked among pharmacists, requires consideration. Exhaustion from work, or occupational fatigue, is defined by an overburdening workload, comprising intensified work demands and limited personal resources for task completion. In this study, we aim to explain the subjective experiences of occupational fatigue in community pharmacists by means of (Aim 1) a previously developed Pharmacist Fatigue Instrument and (Aim 2) semi-structured interviews.
Wisconsin pharmacists connected through a research network were recruited to take part in the study. implant-related infections A semi-structured interview, along with a demographic questionnaire and Pharmacist Fatigue Instrument, was administered to the participants. The survey data's analysis utilized descriptive statistical procedures. Qualitative deductive content analysis procedures were utilized for the analysis of interview transcripts.
39 pharmacists were surveyed in the course of the study. A significant 50% of participants in the Pharmacist Fatigue Instrument reported exceeding standard patient care protocols less than half the time during their workdays. More than half of the days worked, a considerable 30% of the participants necessitated taking shortcuts when providing care to their patients. Pharmacist interview subjects highlighted themes, such as mental fatigue, physical fatigue, active fatigue, and passive fatigue, in their responses.
The study underscored the pharmacists' experiences of despair and mental tiredness, the link between this fatigue and their interpersonal interactions, and the complex organizational structure of the pharmacy profession. Improving occupational fatigue in community pharmacies demands interventions that acknowledge and address the key themes pharmacists face.
The findings exposed the deep-seated despair and mental weariness felt by pharmacists, revealing its link to strained personal connections and the multifaceted pharmacy work structure. Strategies to alleviate occupational fatigue in community pharmacies must center around the key fatigue experiences reported by pharmacists.
As preceptors are the foundation of experiential learning for aspiring pharmacists, the identification of knowledge gaps and subsequent development of their pedagogical understanding becomes essential. This pilot study at one college of pharmacy examined the extent to which preceptors were exposed to social determinants of health (SDOH), their comfort levels while addressing social needs, and their familiarity with relevant social resources. An abbreviated online survey was sent to all connected preceptors who are pharmacists, targeting those engaged in regular one-on-one patient interactions. Eighty-two preceptors (representing 72 who were eligible and completed the survey) responded to the survey out of 166 contacted preceptor respondents, for a response rate of 305%. Exposure to social determinants of health (SDOH), as self-reported, grew progressively throughout the educational curriculum, transitioning from didactic methods to experiential learning and culminating in residency programs. Graduating after 2016, preceptors working in community or clinic settings who dedicated over half their patient care to underserved populations possessed the most comfort when dealing with social needs, and the greatest awareness of social resources. Preceptors' awareness of social determinants of health (SDOH) affects their instructional capability for aspiring pharmacists. To properly prepare all students for their future careers by introducing them to social determinants of health (SDOH), schools of pharmacy must evaluate both the practice site locations and preceptors’ awareness and competence in recognizing and addressing social needs. A thorough analysis of the best practices for upskilling preceptors in this segment of the industry is crucial.
At a Danish hospital's geriatric inpatient unit, this study undertakes an evaluation of medication dispensing procedures managed by pharmacy technicians.
Geriatric ward patients benefitted from the training of four pharmacy technicians in dispensing medication. In the initial phase, the ward nurses recorded the duration spent in dispensing the medication along with the frequency of interruptions. The pharmacy technicians' dispensation of the service occurred alongside two similar recording sessions during the same period. A questionnaire surveyed ward staff on their experience of the dispensing service's quality. During the dispensing service period, reported medication errors were collected and then compared against corresponding data from the past two years.
Pharmacy technicians' involvement in dispensing medications led to a daily reduction in dispensing time, averaging 14 hours, with a range of 47 to 33 hours per day. There has been a drastic reduction in the number of interruptions to the dispensing process, declining from a daily average of over 19 to a manageable average of 2-3 per day. Positive feedback regarding the medication dispensing service was relayed by the nursing staff, highlighting the significant reduction in their workload. A reduced tendency for reporting medication errors was noted.
Time spent on medication dispensing was reduced, and patient safety was enhanced by the pharmacy technicians' medication dispensing service, which minimized interruptions and decreased the occurrence of medication errors.
Improved patient safety, achieved through a reduced dispensing time and fewer medication errors, resulted from the pharmacy technicians' medication dispensing service which minimized interruptions.
The use of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) nasal swabs for de-escalation in pneumonia patients is supported by guidelines, for certain patient profiles. Earlier trials examining therapies against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus have showcased reduced efficacy, yielding negative results, but the impact on the length of therapy for patients with confirmed PCR findings has not been fully clarified. Evaluating the appropriate duration of anti-MRSA therapy was the goal of this review, focusing on patients with a positive MRSA PCR test but no subsequent MRSA growth on culture. A retrospective observational study conducted at a single center examined 52 hospitalized adults receiving anti-MRSA therapy and confirmed positive MRSA PCR results.